Theory Review
Augmented Sixth Chords
A chord which contains an augmented sixth above the bass, in addition to various other tones, which determine weather the chord is a German Sixth Chord, French Sixth Chord, Italian Sixth Chord, Neopolitan Sixth, or Doubly Augmented Sixth Chord. (from musicoutfitters.com)
Also, Grove Music Online and University of Texas
Thematic Structures
The Period -- Antecedent and consequent
The Sentence -- see Satz, fifth paragraph. Also Liquidation
Examples:
Sentence (Score and Music),
Period (Score and Music)
and What is It -- Period or Sentence
Non-Harmonic Tones
(revised March 11, 2004)
Note: All links are to Grove pages
Two types:
- Rhythmically weak notes that occur between two notes that are part of the harmony: a) passing tone (note), b) anticipation, c) échappée, d) cambiata, and e) auxiliary or neighbor tone (upper and lower)
- Rhythmically strong notes that occur in place of a harmonic note: f/g) appoggiatura, h) suspension

Example g shows the "prepared appoggiatura" where the non-harmonic tone is anticipated in the preceding chord. The suspension (h) is the same as the prepared appoggiatura except that the non-harmonic tone is tied over from the preceding chord.
Examples from:
Apel, Willi, and Daniel, Ralph T. The Harvard Brief Dictionary of Music. New York: Washington Square Reference, 1960
(a very good paperback reference book to have)
Teaching Music Theory
The National Standards for Music Education
Make sure you are familiar with them, and how you can develop methods that allow you to teach to the Standards